نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 استاد مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

چکیده

مطالعات پیشین نشان داده­اند که اطلاعات بینایی در حفظ تعادل و راه‌رفتن نقش بسیار مهمی دارد. هدف از انجام مطالعة حاضر، بررسی تأثیر تمرین راه‌رفتن با اغتشاش بینایی بر متغیرهای کینماتیکی بود. ۱۰ نفر فرد سالم یک بار با چشم باز و یک بار با چشم بسته تکلیف راه‌رفتن را انجام دادند. سپس، نُه کوشش تمرینی راه‌رفتن با اغتشاش بینایی انجام شد و در آخر، کوشش راه‌رفتن با چشم بسته تکرار شد. یافته­ها نشان داد که محرومیت بینایی به‌طور معناداری سبب تغییر عرض گام، طول گام، مدت زمان اتکا و اتکای دوگانه شد؛ هرچند پس از تمرین، تفاوت معناداری بین این پارامترها (به غیر از عرض گام) در راه‌رفتن با چشم بسته در قبل و بعد از تمرین وجود نداشت؛ بنابراین، نتایج نشان داد که تمرین راه‌رفتن با اغتشاش بینایی سبب یادگیری می‌شود و پارامترهای کینماتیکی راه‌رفتن را بهبود می‌بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of walking training with visual perturbation on kinematic parameters

نویسندگان [English]

  • Otella Shoja 1
  • Alireza Farsi 2
  • Farzad towhidkhah 3
  • Behrouz Abdoli 2

1 Department of motor behaviour, Faculty of Sport Science and Health, Shahid beheshti University

2 Department of motor behaviour, Faculty of Sport Science and Health, Shahid beheshti University

3 Department of Bio-electric, medical Engineering faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology

چکیده [English]

Previous studies have been shown that visual information has a critical role for balance and walking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking training with visual perturbation on kinematic parameters. Ten healthy participants walked on the treadmill once with eyes open and another time with eyes closed. Then, 9 trials of walking training with visual perturbation were performed and finally, eyes closed walking was repeated. The result showed that visual deprivation caused significantly changes in step length, step width, stance and double-support duration. However, after training, there was no significant difference of these parameters (except step width) between eyes closed walking before and after training. Furthermore, the findings showed that walking training with visual perturbation induced learning and enhanced the kinematic parameters of walking.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • locomotion
  • balance
  • active control
  • passive control
  • sensory integration
  1. O’Connor SM, Kuo AD. Direction-dependent control of balance during walking and standing. J Neurophysiol. 2009;102(3):1411–9.
  2. Patla AE. Understanding the roles of vision in the control of human locomotion. Gait and Posture. 1997;5:54–69.
  3. Jahn K, Strupp M, Schneider E, Dieterich M, Brandt T. Visually induced gait deviations during different locomotion speeds. Exp Brain Res. 2001;141(3):370–4.
  4. Matthis JS, Yates JL, Hayhoe MM. Gaze and the control of foot placement when walking in natural terrain. Curr Biol. 2018;28(8):1224-1233.e5.
  5. Hallemans A, Beccu S, Van Loock K, Ortibus E, Truijen S, Aerts P. Visual deprivation leads to gait adaptations that are age- and context-specific: I. Step-time parameters. Gait Posture. 2009;30(1):55–9.
  6. Stokes HE, Thompson JD, Franz JR. The Neuromuscular Origins of Kinematic Variability during Perturbed Walking. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):808.
  7. Hallemans A, Beccu S, Van Loock K, Ortibus E, Truijen S, Aerts P. Visual deprivation leads to gait adaptations that are age- and context-specific: II. Kinematic parameters. Gait Posture. 2009;30(3):307–11.
  8. Iosa M, Fusco A, Morone G, Paolucci S. Effects of visual deprivation on gait dynamic stability. Sci World J. 2012;2012:1–7.
  9. Cho S-Y, Ryu Y-U, Je HD, Jeong JH, Ma S-Y, Kim H-D. Effects of illumination on toe clearance and gait parameters of older adults when stepping over an obstacle: A pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(3):229–32.
  10. Rhea CK, Rietdyk S. Visual exteroceptive information provided during obstacle crossing did not modify the lower limb trajectory. Neurosci Lett. 2007;418(1):60–5.
  11. Rietdyk S, Rhea CK. Control of adaptive locomotion: Effect of visual obstruction and visual cues in the environment. Exp Brain Res. 2006;169(2):272–8.
  12. Rietdyk S, McGlothlin JD, Williams JL, Baria AT. Proactive stability control while carrying loads and negotiating an elevated surface. Exp Brain Res. 2005;165(1):44–53.
  13. Chambers AJ, Cham R. Slip-related muscle activation patterns in the stance leg during walking. Gait Posture. 2007;25(4):565–72.
  14. Patla AE. Strategies for dynamic stability during adaptive human locomotion. IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine. 2003;22(2):48–52.
  15. Hollman JH, Brey RH, Bang TJ, Kaufman KR. Does walking in a virtual environment induce unstable gait? Gait Posture. 2007;26(2):289–94.
  16. Oliveira AS, Schlink BR, Hairston WD, König P, Ferris DP. Restricted vision increases sensorimotor cortex involvement in human walking. J Neurophysiol. 2017;118(4):1943–51.
  17. Moe-Nilssen R, Helbostad JL, Åkra T, Birkedal L, Nygaard HA. Modulation of gait during visual adaptation to dark. J Mot Behav. 2006;38(2):118–25.
  18. Houwen S, Visscher C, Lemmink KAPM, Hartman E. Gross motor skills and sports participation of children with visual impairments. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2007;78(2):16–23.
  19. Jongprasithporn M. The age-related effects of visual input on multi-sensory weighting process during locomotion and unexpected slip perturbations [Unpublishd doctoal dissertaion]. [Blacksburg, VA ]: the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University i; 2011.
  20. Dubreucq L, Mereu A, Blanc G, Filiatrault J, Duclos C. Introducing a psychological postural threat alters gait and balance parameters among young participants but not among most older participants. Exp Brain Res. 2017;235(5):1429–38.
  21. Lauzière S, Miéville C, Betschart M, Duclos C, Aissaoui R, Nadeau S. A more symmetrical gait after split-belt treadmill walking increases the effort in paretic plantar flexors in people post-stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2016;48(7):576–82.
  22. Ijmker T, Houdijk H, Lamoth CJC, Beek PJ, van der Woude LHV. Energy cost of balance control during walking decreases with external stabilizer stiffness independent of walking speed. J Biomech. 2013;46(13):2109–14.
  23. Hallemans A, Ortibus E, Meire F, Aerts P. Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait. Gait Posture. 2010;32(4):547–51.
  24. D’Hondt E, Segers V, Deforche B, Shultz SP, Tanghe A, Gentier I, et al. The role of vision in obese and normal-weight children’s gait control. Gait Posture. 2011;33(2):179–84.
  25. Hurt CP, Rosenblatt N, Crenshaw JR, Grabiner MD. Variation in trunk kinematics influences variation in step width during treadmill walking by older and younger adults. Gait Posture. 2010;31(4):461–4.
  26. Espy DD, Yang F, Bhatt T, Pai YC. Independent influence of gait speed and step length on stability and fall risk. Gait Posture. 2010;32(3):378–82.
  27. Hollman JH, Brey RH, Robb RA, Bang TJ, Kaufman KR. Spatiotemporal gait deviations in a virtual reality environment. Gait Posture. 2006;23(4):441–4.
  28. McAndrew PM, Wilken JM, Dingwell JB. Dynamic stability of human walking in visually and mechanically destabilizing environments. J Biomech. 2011;44(4):644–9.
  29. McAndrew PM, Dingwell JB, Wilken JM. Walking variability during continuous pseudo-random oscillations of the support surface and visual field. J Biomech. 2010;43(8):1470–5.
  30. Bauby CE, Kuo AD. Active control of lateral balance in human walking. J Biomech. 2000;33(11):1433–40.
  31. Donelan JM, Shipman DW, Kram R, Kuo AD. Mechanical and metabolic requirements for active lateral stabilization in human walking. J Biomech. 2004;37(6):827–35.
  32. Anson E, Agada P, Kiemel T, Ivanenko Y, Lacquaniti F, Jeka J. Visual control of trunk translation and orientation during locomotion. Exp Brain Res. 2014;232(6):1941–51.
  33. Grillner S, Wallen P. Central Pattern Generators for Locomotion, with Special Reference to Vertebrates. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1985;8(1):233–61.
  34. Forssberg H. Spinal locomotor functions and descending control. In: Brainstem control of spinal mechanisms. Netherlands: Elsevier Biomedical Amsterdam; 1982. p. 253–71.
  35. Hallemans A, Ortibus E, Truijen S, Meire F. Development of independent locomotion in children with a severe visual impairment. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(6):2069–74.
  36. Patla AE, Davies TC, Niechwiej E. Obstacle avoidance during locomotion using haptic information in normally sighted humans. Exp Brain Res. 2004;155(2):173–85.
  37. Bugnariu N, Fung J. Aging and selective sensorimotor strategies in the regulation of upright balance. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2007;4(1):19.
  38. Franz JR, Francis CA, Allen MS, O’Connor SM, Thelen DG. Advanced age brings a greater reliance on visual feedback to maintain balance during walking. Hum Mov Sci. 2015;40:381–92.