Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor of Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises , Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.

3 Msc of Raja University

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was the effect of release massage and stretching exercises on pain, ROM and functional disability of the Neck due to Myofascial Trigger Points of the Trapezius Muscle.
Materials and Methods: 30 patients were divided into three groups including massage group, stretching group and control group. Patients in experimental groups received training for 8 weeks. Pain, ROM and functional disability were measured with a visual analog scale, goniometer and Neck Pain and Disability Scale, respectively.
Results: The results showed that stretching exercises and massage led to a significant increase in ROM and a significant decrease in pain and functional disability. Also, significant differences were observed between the two groups for all variables.
Conclusion: Based on the results, massage can have more advantages than stretching exercises, but due to the benefits of stretching movements as an exercises approach, these exercises are recommended for trigger points.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Mazloum V, Sobhani V, Khatibi Aghda A, Hesarikia H, Emami Meybodi MK. The Comparison of the Effects of Trigger Points Pressure Release and Kinesio Taping on Pain and Hip Abductor Muscles Strength in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 16(3): 271-281. (In Persian)
  2. Shahimoridi D, Mollahosseini M, Azin H, Ahmadinia H. Comparing the Effect of Shockwave Therapy and Low Level Laser on Treatment of the Myofascial Trigger Points of Trapezius Muscles: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JRUMS. 2020; 19 (8):819-832. (In Persian)
  3. Naroii S, Akbari A, Asad M, Farahani A. Comparing the effects of vibration and ultrasound waves accompanied with stretching exercises on myofascial trigger points of posterior neck muscles in athletes. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2010; 12 (3):43-52. (In Persian)
  4. Cummings M, Baldry P. Regional myofascial pain: diagnosis and management. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21(2):367-87.
  5. Lucas N, Macaskill P, Irwig L, Moran R, Bogduk N. Reliability of physical examination for diagnosis of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review of the literature. Clin J Pain. 2009;25(1):80–9.
  6. Mohamadyari S, Shojaedin S S, Barati A H. Comparison of two methods of sports massage and cold stretch on the threshold of pain in passive trigger points in shoulder girdle muscles of the female volleyball players. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2018; 20 (1):77-82. (In Persian)
  7. Alvarez DJ, Rockwell PG. Trigger Points : Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(4):653–60.
  8. Criscuolo CM. Interventional approaches to the management of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5(5):407–11.
  9. Unalan H, Majlesi J, Aydin FY, Palamar D. Comparison of highpower pain threshold ultrasound therapy with local injection in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(4):657–62.
  10. Aguilera FJ, Martín DP, Masanet RA, Botella AC, Soler LB, Morell FB. Immediate effect of ultrasound and ischemic compression techniques for the treatment of trapezius latent myofascial trigger points in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(7):515–20.
  11. Kumar YG, Sneha P, Sivajyothi N. Effectiveness of Muscle energy technique, Ischaemic compression and Strain counterstrain on Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A comparative study. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2015; 1(3): 22-26.
  12. Al-Najjar, H.M.M., Mohammed, A.H. & Mosaad, D.M. Effect of ice massage with integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on pain and function in subjects with mechanical neck pain: randomized controlled trial. Bull Fac Phys Ther 25, 10 (2020).
  13. Walan U, Nurkholis F, Mintarto E. The Effect of Thai Massage and Sport Massage on Decreasing Low Acids and pain. Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport. 2017; 4(1): 35-41.
  14. Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. 2nd Ed. In:Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual, vol. 1. Baltimore: Williams Wilkins. 1999.
  15. Elsdon DS, Spanswick S, Zaslawski Ch, Meier PC. Protocol: Testing the Relevance of Acupuncture Theory in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain in the Upper Trapezius Muscle. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 2017; 10(1): 67-74.
  16. Asgari N, Hashemi Javaheri A, Ebrahimi Atri A. The effect of combined program (motion therapy and massage) on pain and neck range of motion middle-aged women with upper trapezius muscle myofascial syndrome. Sports Rehab. 2015; 3(5): 1-8. (In Persian)
  17. Norkin C, White D.J. Measurement of Joint Motion. A Guide to Goniometry, 4th Edition. 2009.
  18. Tsauo JY, Lee HY, Hsu JH, Chen CY, Chen CJ. Physical exercise and health education for neck and shouldercomplaints among sedentary workers. J Rehabil Med. 2004; 36: 253-257.
  19. Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Med. 2005; 35(3): 56-235.
  20. Frontera WR. Rehabilitation of sports injuries: scientific basis. Published by Blackwell Science Ltd a Blackwell Publishing company Blackwell Science. 2003.
  21. Kostopoulo D, et al. Reduction of spontaneous electrical activity and pain perception of trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle through trigger point compression and passive stretching. Journal of Musculoskelatal Pain. 2008; 16(4): 266-278.
  22. Ziaeifar M, et al. The Effect of Dry Needling on Range of Motion of Neck Lateral Flexion in Subjects with Active Trigger Point in Upper Trapezius Muscle. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research. 2014; 5(6).
  23. Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Med. 2005; 35(3): 56-235.
  24. Letafatkar A, Daneshmandi H, Hadadnejad M, Abdolvahabi Z. Advanced corrective exercises. Avayezohoor. 2016. (In Persian)
  25. Voight ML. Proprioceptive concerns in rehabilitation. In Proceedings of the XXV FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, Athens, Greece. 1994.
  26. Sheibaninia A, Valaei N, Mohammad Sadeghi Sh, Azizi F. Evaluation of accuracy of published articles in Iranian Medical J. Pejouhesh dar Pezeshki. 2009; 33: 5 -11.
  27. Saatchian A, Yazdi N, Zareie Kheybari S, Qaderi Jagharg H. Comparison of the Effect of Short-Time Massage Using Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises (NFE) on Neck and Shoulder Pain among Employees with Myofascial Trigger Points in the Trapezoid Muscle. Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal 2016; 8(1): 43-53. (In Persian)
  28. Maleki Pouya M. Massage therapy: a combination of physiology and applied anatomy. Pad Andishe. 2016. (In Persian)
  29. Guyton & hall. Medical physiology. 2006: 596-612