Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 The Effect of Cycling Fatigue on Center of Pressure Alteration and Plantar Pressure Distribution during Running in Novice Triathletes The Effect of Cycling Fatigue on Center of Pressure Alteration and Plantar Pressure Distribution during Running in Novice Triathletes 17 28 1032 10.22089/smj.2017.3656.1203 FA Mostafa Sepehrian M.Sc. of Sports Biomechanics, Bu Ali Sina University Mehrdad Anbarian Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Bu Ali Sina University Journal Article 2014 06 22 Success depends largely on the triathlete’s ability to run at maximum efficiency, not adversely influenced by previous cycling. Changing pattern of running can cause injuries to the lower extremities, particularly the ankle and metatarsus. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of cycling fatigue on central of pressure alteration and plantar pressure distribution during running in novice triathletes. Twelve male subjects (age: 24.5±2.27 years, weight: 75.8±4.61 kg, height: 178.6±6.46 cm) were selected and participated in this quasi experimental study. Twelve-steps cycling protocol were used to induce fatigue with different intensity on the bicycle ergometer. Center of pressure alteration and plantar pressure distribution by Footscan were assessed in before and after cycling fatigue during various phases of running. Plantar pressure distribution results showed that the maximum pressure in the areas of the heel medial, metatarsals 1,2,3,4 were significantly increased and in the area of the midfoot was significantly decreased after the fatigue protocol. Also, the results of the center of pressure alteration showed that the amount of supination in the heel contact phase was significantly decreased and the amount of pronation in the mid-stance phase was significantly increased after the fatigue protocol. The results of this study showed that fatigue cycling can increase plantar pressure and disorder in the deviation of the center of pressure. The results of this study concluded that fatigue cycling can cause injury and instability of the ankle and foot joints. It is suggested that novice triathletes strengthening your Inversion muscles, especially the tibialis anterior muscle. Success depends largely on the triathlete’s ability to run at maximum efficiency, not adversely influenced by previous cycling. Changing pattern of running can cause injuries to the lower extremities, particularly the ankle and metatarsus. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of cycling fatigue on central of pressure alteration and plantar pressure distribution during running in novice triathletes. Twelve male subjects (age: 24.5±2.27 years, weight: 75.8±4.61 kg, height: 178.6±6.46 cm) were selected and participated in this quasi experimental study. Twelve-steps cycling protocol were used to induce fatigue with different intensity on the bicycle ergometer. Center of pressure alteration and plantar pressure distribution by Footscan were assessed in before and after cycling fatigue during various phases of running. Plantar pressure distribution results showed that the maximum pressure in the areas of the heel medial, metatarsals 1,2,3,4 were significantly increased and in the area of the midfoot was significantly decreased after the fatigue protocol. Also, the results of the center of pressure alteration showed that the amount of supination in the heel contact phase was significantly decreased and the amount of pronation in the mid-stance phase was significantly increased after the fatigue protocol. The results of this study showed that fatigue cycling can increase plantar pressure and disorder in the deviation of the center of pressure. The results of this study concluded that fatigue cycling can cause injury and instability of the ankle and foot joints. It is suggested that novice triathletes strengthening your Inversion muscles, especially the tibialis anterior muscle. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1032_995e1fda4a2b5f55ef0df50868bf2a8f.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 Effects of the Modified 11+ Warm up Program on Lower Extremity Injuries Prevention Among Young Male Footballers Effects of the Modified 11+ Warm up Program on Lower Extremity Injuries Prevention Among Young Male Footballers 29 42 1003 10.22089/smj.2017.1003 FA Fatemeh Kheiroddin Ph.D. Student of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, University of Tehran Hooman Minoo Nejad Assistant Professor of Sport Medicine, University of Tehran Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh Professor of Sport Medicine, University of Tehran Journal Article 2015 02 02 Recently, FIFA has developed +11 warm up program for injury prevention in football but previous studies indicate that performing these +11 programs could not reduce the ankle injuries. Therefore, the present study intends to investigate the Effects of the modified 11+ warm-up program on lower extremity injury prevention among the male footballers. One hundred and eleven young male footballers were selected from Tehran league and were divided in two groups: modified 11+ and The Control Group. In general, the results showed significant fewer injuries in intervention group compare with players in control group. Despite 55.88% decrease in incidence of ankle injuries in intervention group, the difference was not significant. According to our results, more research is suggested in order to add wobble board training to +11 warm up programs. Recently, FIFA has developed +11 warm up program for injury prevention in football but previous studies indicate that performing these +11 programs could not reduce the ankle injuries. Therefore, the present study intends to investigate the Effects of the modified 11+ warm-up program on lower extremity injury prevention among the male footballers. One hundred and eleven young male footballers were selected from Tehran league and were divided in two groups: modified 11+ and The Control Group. In general, the results showed significant fewer injuries in intervention group compare with players in control group. Despite 55.88% decrease in incidence of ankle injuries in intervention group, the difference was not significant. According to our results, more research is suggested in order to add wobble board training to +11 warm up programs. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1003_aa68c75c4a77c87f97fb686b2f068676.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 The Relationship between Hyper Kyphosis and Mental Health dimensions of Young Girls The Relationship between Hyper Kyphosis and Mental Health dimensions of Young Girls 43 52 1007 10.22089/smj.2017.1007 FA Farzaneh Hosseini M. Sc. of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University Amir Hosein Barati Associate Professor of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, Shahid Beheshti University 0000-0002-9952-5557 Farshid Tahmasbi Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University 0000-0001-8946-5856 Journal Article 2015 12 29 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyper kyphosis disorder and mental health state of students. For this purpose, 100 female students, equal numbers of normal and hyper kyphosis cases, were randomly selected for the diagnosis and severity of the abnormality using Hypsometer; the participants were completed the General Health Questionnaire Goldberg after collecting the questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. The results revealed that there were significant differences between hyper kyphosis and normal cases. There were considerable differences in various understudying parameters, except for somatic, anxiety, social. Dorsal hump back and look bad in people with hyper kyphosis can affect the mental health of students. It can be concluded that the discussed abnormality can compromise patients both physically and mentally. Therefore, Patients suffer from Kyphosis are encouraged to do corrective exercise to improve their mental and physical health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyper kyphosis disorder and mental health state of students. For this purpose, 100 female students, equal numbers of normal and hyper kyphosis cases, were randomly selected for the diagnosis and severity of the abnormality using Hypsometer; the participants were completed the General Health Questionnaire Goldberg after collecting the questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. The results revealed that there were significant differences between hyper kyphosis and normal cases. There were considerable differences in various understudying parameters, except for somatic, anxiety, social. Dorsal hump back and look bad in people with hyper kyphosis can affect the mental health of students. It can be concluded that the discussed abnormality can compromise patients both physically and mentally. Therefore, Patients suffer from Kyphosis are encouraged to do corrective exercise to improve their mental and physical health. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1007_d7322ed717dedf1eb4e6e52a37ea7bcd.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 Comparing the Kinematic Parameters of Triple Jump Take Off Phases between Iranian and International Elite Athletes Comparing the Kinematic Parameters of Triple Jump Take Off Phases between Iranian and International Elite Athletes 53 64 993 10.22089/smj.2017.993 FA Abbas Chitsazzadeh M.Sc in Sport Biomechanics, University of Isfahan Shahram Lenjannejadian Assistant Professor of Sport Injuries, University of Isfahan 0000-0002-3925-2227 Ahmadreza Movahedi Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Isfahan Journal Article 2016 01 17 Take off is considered as a most important phase in Triple jump. The aim of this research was to compare the selected kinematic parameters of three take off phases of triple jump performed by elite Iranian and World-class athletes. The participants were five elite Iranian triple jumpers (mean record: 15.4±0.8 m) who had participated in the final stage of track and field competition held in Tehran. Performances of these athletes were recorded using three cameras and three best performances of each jumpers were analyzed. Results show the significant differences in horizontal velocity of Hop and Jump take off phases and also a significant difference in support time of Step take off phase. All these parameters are lower from International values. Therefore, attention to design the exercises for increasing the muscular strength and neuromuscular coordination is recommended to coaches. Take off is considered as a most important phase in Triple jump. The aim of this research was to compare the selected kinematic parameters of three take off phases of triple jump performed by elite Iranian and World-class athletes. The participants were five elite Iranian triple jumpers (mean record: 15.4±0.8 m) who had participated in the final stage of track and field competition held in Tehran. Performances of these athletes were recorded using three cameras and three best performances of each jumpers were analyzed. Results show the significant differences in horizontal velocity of Hop and Jump take off phases and also a significant difference in support time of Step take off phase. All these parameters are lower from International values. Therefore, attention to design the exercises for increasing the muscular strength and neuromuscular coordination is recommended to coaches. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_993_7b13b2203029ed80337f27127a9f1d28.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 Compare Selected Variables Launch Kinematic Techniques in Elite Fencers Iranian Man and Spanish Compare Selected Variables Launch Kinematic Techniques in Elite Fencers Iranian Man and Spanish 65 82 994 10.22089/smj.2017.994 FA Sepideh Samavat Sharif M.Sc. of Sports Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Heidar Sadeghi Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Kharazmi University 0000-0001-6563-9882 Journal Article 2016 05 25 The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic variables between Iranian and Spanish elite fencers. 12 Iranian national and 13 Spanish national fencers were participated in this study. Vicon motion analysis system used to measure kinematic variables (with sampling frequency of 500Hz) and two force plates used to measure timing and COM parameters (with sampling frequency of 1000Hz). Timing, linear and angular variables are used for statistical analysis. The results shown Iranian fencers in comparison to Spanish fencers has a significantly lower value in acceleration phase time, displacement of COM in acceleration phase, linear velocity of COM in acceleration phase, lunge length, and all of angular variables except of elbow angle in the peak weapon velocity moment (P<0.01). However, in variables such as flight phase time, time to peak arm extension, and maximum of weapon velocity, Iranian fencers significantly have a greater value in comparison to Spanish fencers. The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic variables between Iranian and Spanish elite fencers. 12 Iranian national and 13 Spanish national fencers were participated in this study. Vicon motion analysis system used to measure kinematic variables (with sampling frequency of 500Hz) and two force plates used to measure timing and COM parameters (with sampling frequency of 1000Hz). Timing, linear and angular variables are used for statistical analysis. The results shown Iranian fencers in comparison to Spanish fencers has a significantly lower value in acceleration phase time, displacement of COM in acceleration phase, linear velocity of COM in acceleration phase, lunge length, and all of angular variables except of elbow angle in the peak weapon velocity moment (P<0.01). However, in variables such as flight phase time, time to peak arm extension, and maximum of weapon velocity, Iranian fencers significantly have a greater value in comparison to Spanish fencers. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_994_934815ad542a4a7c5e8a2dfa04fea9f5.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 The Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Endurance and trunk Control in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis The Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Endurance and trunk Control in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis 83 100 1038 10.22089/smj.2017.3473.1190 FA Hosein Shahrokhi Assistant Professor of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, Raja University 0000-0003-2735-3087 Hamed Abbasi Assistant Professor of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, Sports Sciences Research Institute 0000-0001-8899-7439 Fariba Mohammadi Assistant Professor of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, Sports Sciences Research Institute 0000-0002-9114-3319 Pegah Rahmani Ph.D. of Sport Injury & Corrective Exercise, University of Isfahan Journal Article 2016 12 18 The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of core stability exercises on endurance and trunk control in patients with multiple sclerosis. The subjects with the age of 20-40, expanded disability status scale 1-4 and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Training program for groups was carried out in eight weeks. Isometric endurance of the Trunk stabilizer muscles was measured by trunk flexor test, trunk extensor test and left and right lateral musculature test and Trunk Impairment Scale was used to measure the ability to trunk control. The data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that core stability exercises led to a significant increase on isometric endurance of the trunk stabilizer muscles and trunk control. Also, significant differences observed between isometric endurance of the trunk stabilizer muscles and trunk control in the experimental and control groups. According to research findings, the core stability exercises resulted in considerable improvements in endurance and control of the trunk in patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of core stability exercises on endurance and trunk control in patients with multiple sclerosis. The subjects with the age of 20-40, expanded disability status scale 1-4 and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Training program for groups was carried out in eight weeks. Isometric endurance of the Trunk stabilizer muscles was measured by trunk flexor test, trunk extensor test and left and right lateral musculature test and Trunk Impairment Scale was used to measure the ability to trunk control. The data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that core stability exercises led to a significant increase on isometric endurance of the trunk stabilizer muscles and trunk control. Also, significant differences observed between isometric endurance of the trunk stabilizer muscles and trunk control in the experimental and control groups. According to research findings, the core stability exercises resulted in considerable improvements in endurance and control of the trunk in patients with multiple sclerosis. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1038_6d70cb65d15211726dcce4c0e971e21c.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 Effect of Comprehensive FIFA’s The 11+ Warm-up Program on Injury, Injury Prevention and Physical Performance in Soccer Player: A Narrative Review Effect of Comprehensive FIFA’s The 11+ Warm-up Program on Injury, Injury Prevention and Physical Performance in Soccer Player: A Narrative Review 101 130 1035 10.22089/smj.2017.2534.1146 FA Nader Rahnama Professor of Sport Injuries, Isfahan University 0000-0002-7603-4413 Afshin Moghadasi Teacher at Payam-E Noor University Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Assistant Professor of Sport Injuries, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 0000-0002-6197-2300 Journal Article 2016 06 19 This study aimed to reviewe effects of The 11+ program on injury, injury prevention, performances and muscle activity in soccer player. A comprehensive review by one of the researchers was performed in Springer, Science Direct, Pubmed, in English and in SID and Magiran in persion language (2008-2016). Totally, there was a significantly lower risk of injuries within 30% to 70% acute and overuse injuries after performed the 11+. The 11+ enhanced knee strength, H/Q strength ratio, proprioception, balance, core stability in soccer players. About performance, 2 articles showed improvement and 1 no in sprint. It improved dribbling, kicking, jump height and agility. It can increase activity of core stability and hip abductor muscles. It can be suggested that the 11+ could be incorporated into regular soccer practice as a warm-up program before starting technical and tactical drills instead of traditional warm-up program. This study aimed to reviewe effects of The 11+ program on injury, injury prevention, performances and muscle activity in soccer player. A comprehensive review by one of the researchers was performed in Springer, Science Direct, Pubmed, in English and in SID and Magiran in persion language (2008-2016). Totally, there was a significantly lower risk of injuries within 30% to 70% acute and overuse injuries after performed the 11+. The 11+ enhanced knee strength, H/Q strength ratio, proprioception, balance, core stability in soccer players. About performance, 2 articles showed improvement and 1 no in sprint. It improved dribbling, kicking, jump height and agility. It can increase activity of core stability and hip abductor muscles. It can be suggested that the 11+ could be incorporated into regular soccer practice as a warm-up program before starting technical and tactical drills instead of traditional warm-up program. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1035_a34bacf839b923770b2c360eefa26748.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 9 21 2017 08 23 Comparison of Rate of Loading and Frequency Contents of Impact Force between Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg during Anticipated and Unanticipated Sidestep Cutting Tasks Comparison of Rate of Loading and Frequency Contents of Impact Force between Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg during Anticipated and Unanticipated Sidestep Cutting Tasks 131 148 1033 10.22089/smj.2017.3665.1208 FA Fereshteh Sahebi M.Sc. of Sport Biomechanics, University of Mazandaran Mansour Eslami Professor of Sport Biomechanics, University of Mazandaran 0000-0002-8050-7076 Elham Shirzad Professor of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Tehran Journal Article 2017 01 31 It is reported that a large number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred in effect of impact forces during sidestep cutting. The purpose of this study was comparing loading rate and frequency contents between dominant and nondominant leg during sidestep cutting in anticipated and unanticipated tasks. Squash team players have done side step cutting in direction of dominant and nondominant leg in anticipated and unanticipated situations. The results showed there is no interact effect between dominance and anticipation. The peak of Instantaneous loading rate was higher in nondominant leg. The bandwidth frequency in dominant leg was higher. The frequency of 99.5% of power spectrum was higher in unanticipated sidestep cutting. Also the bandwidth frequency was higher in the anticipated situation. Therefore loading rate and frequency contents can illustrate the functional differences between dominant and nondominant leg. Also, frequency contents can be considerable as risk factors in unanticipated situations. It is reported that a large number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred in effect of impact forces during sidestep cutting. The purpose of this study was comparing loading rate and frequency contents between dominant and nondominant leg during sidestep cutting in anticipated and unanticipated tasks. Squash team players have done side step cutting in direction of dominant and nondominant leg in anticipated and unanticipated situations. The results showed there is no interact effect between dominance and anticipation. The peak of Instantaneous loading rate was higher in nondominant leg. The bandwidth frequency in dominant leg was higher. The frequency of 99.5% of power spectrum was higher in unanticipated sidestep cutting. Also the bandwidth frequency was higher in the anticipated situation. Therefore loading rate and frequency contents can illustrate the functional differences between dominant and nondominant leg. Also, frequency contents can be considerable as risk factors in unanticipated situations. https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1033_e17184bcb70dcf3942c54e0b537ffc6d.pdf