Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 THE EFFECT OF A CXWORX TRAINING ON BALANCE, UPPER LIMB FUNCTION AND PROPRIOCEPTION OF ABSOLUTELY DEAF TEENAGE GIRLS THE EFFECT OF A CXWORX TRAINING ON BALANCE, UPPER LIMB FUNCTION AND PROPRIOCEPTION OF ABSOLUTELY DEAF TEENAGE GIRLS 17 44 3150 10.22089/smj.2021.11462.1537 FA Fatemeh Abbaszadeh Master of Science (MSc) of Corrective Exercises and Sport Pathology, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan 0000-0001-8226-8649 Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar Assistant Professor of Corrective Exercise Sport Pathology, Department of Exercises Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0002-4489-6705 Mehri Mohamadi Dangralu Assistant Professor of Corrective Exercise Sport Pathology, Department of Exercises Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah Assistant Professor of Corrective Exercise Sport Pathology, Department of Exercises Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Journal Article 2021 10 02 This study investigated the effect of CXWORX exercises on dynamic balance and proprioception in deaf adolescent girls. The research method was Pseudo-experimental with a control group. The statistical sample was 30 absolute deaf adolescent girls. The subjects were divided into control and experimental groups (15 subjects in each group). Y test was used to measure dynamic balance and upper limb function and kinovea software was used to measure proprioception. Shapirovilk test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution and dependent t-test and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the hypotheses. It was done in SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that CXWORX exercises improved dynamic balance, upper limb function and proprioception of absolute deaf adolescent girls in both intra-group and inter-group comparisons. This study investigated the effect of CXWORX exercises on dynamic balance and proprioception in deaf adolescent girls. The research method was Pseudo-experimental with a control group. The statistical sample was 30 absolute deaf adolescent girls. The subjects were divided into control and experimental groups (15 subjects in each group). Y test was used to measure dynamic balance and upper limb function and kinovea software was used to measure proprioception. Shapirovilk test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution and dependent t-test and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the hypotheses. It was done in SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that CXWORX exercises improved dynamic balance, upper limb function and proprioception of absolute deaf adolescent girls in both intra-group and inter-group comparisons.

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3150_77ee3bc58ce560b86c2b59363281e914.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 Training Loads and Non-Contact Injuries in Soccer: A Full Season Monitoring of a Team in Iranian Premier League Training Loads and Non-Contact Injuries in Soccer: A Full Season Monitoring of a Team in Iranian Premier League 45 64 3152 10.22089/smj.2022.12074.1564 FA Davood Khezri Assistant Professor in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics and Technology, Sport Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7160-829X Hamed Abbasi Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8899-7439 Hadi Nobari Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain Journal Article 2022 01 09 Training loads are important for improving performance and injury prevention. So the present study aimed to monitor training loads and investigate the prediction of non-contact injuries by parameters related to internal and external loads in a Premier League team during a season. 23 players of the Foulad Mobarakeh Sepahan soccer team participated in the study. The training load was measured using GPS and Borg’s questionnaire. The parameters of acute load, chronic load, internal load, acute to chronic load ratio, monotony, strain, and the number of non-contact injuries were calculated. Spearman and Pearson’s statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictability of injury through load-related parameters. The results showed that acute load, monotony, and strain were directly and moderately related to non-contact injuries. However, these parameters could not predict non-contact injuries in soccer players. It seems that paying attention to these parameters can help coaches to reduce soccer non-contact injury. However, more data is needed in this regard.. Training loads are important for improving performance and injury prevention. So the present study aimed to monitor training loads and investigate the prediction of non-contact injuries by parameters related to internal and external loads in a Premier League team during a season. 23 players of the Foulad Mobarakeh Sepahan soccer team participated in the study. The training load was measured using GPS and Borg’s questionnaire. The parameters of acute load, chronic load, internal load, acute to chronic load ratio, monotony, strain, and the number of non-contact injuries were calculated. Spearman and Pearson’s statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictability of injury through load-related parameters. The results showed that acute load, monotony, and strain were directly and moderately related to non-contact injuries. However, these parameters could not predict non-contact injuries in soccer players. It seems that paying attention to these parameters can help coaches to reduce soccer non-contact injury. However, more data is needed in this regard..

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3152_32cbf687880eb1674a07bf717761dd3a.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 Effect of Lower-Body plyometric training on Upper-body electromyography activity and some anthropometric and functional parameters in young athletes Effect of Lower-Body plyometric training on Upper-body electromyography activity and some anthropometric and functional parameters in young athletes 65 98 3505 10.22089/smj.2022.12665.1600 FA Hassan Setudeh Sorkh Abadi University of Birjand Mohsen Mohammadnia Ahmadi University of birjand Mohammad Yousefi University of Birjand Fatemeh Alirezaei Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2022 04 29 Introduction: Due to the lack of study on the transition effect of the lower body to upper body plyometric training, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper and lower body plyometric training on upper-body electromyography activity in young athletes. Methods: 36 male students were selected and divided into three groups: - control; - Upper body plyometric; and - Upper-lower body plyometric (mixed) training. Plyometric exercise protocol (4 weeks/ 3 sessions) included push-up plyometric (4 sets/ 10 repetitions) performed by both groups. The mixed group also continued lower-body plyometric exercise (4 sets/ 10 repetitions on obstacles). At the beginning and end of the course, First, anthropometric tests (fat and fat free mass); and functional (Wingate, overhead medicine ball throwing, and deadlift) was performed simultaneously with electromyography data evaluating. Results: The physiological work doesn't changed significantly in selected muscles (p>0.05). The median of frequency was significantly reduced in the mixed group compared other groups (p<0.05). In addition, there was no difference in anthropometric, overhead medicine ball throwing, absolute and relative mean anaerobic power between groups (p>0.05). In the deadlift, the mixed group had better significantly records than the upper body group (p<0.05). In the relative anaerobic peak power, there was significant differences between training groups with control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings regarding the confirmed role of lower body plyometric training on the transmission of force into the upper body, it is recommended that athletes use lower body plyometric along with upper body plyometric training. Introduction: Due to the lack of study on the transition effect of the lower body to upper body plyometric training, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper and lower body plyometric training on upper-body electromyography activity in young athletes. Methods: 36 male students were selected and divided into three groups: - control; - Upper body plyometric; and - Upper-lower body plyometric (mixed) training. Plyometric exercise protocol (4 weeks/ 3 sessions) included push-up plyometric (4 sets/ 10 repetitions) performed by both groups. The mixed group also continued lower-body plyometric exercise (4 sets/ 10 repetitions on obstacles). At the beginning and end of the course, First, anthropometric tests (fat and fat free mass); and functional (Wingate, overhead medicine ball throwing, and deadlift) was performed simultaneously with electromyography data evaluating. Results: The physiological work doesn't changed significantly in selected muscles (p>0.05). The median of frequency was significantly reduced in the mixed group compared other groups (p<0.05). In addition, there was no difference in anthropometric, overhead medicine ball throwing, absolute and relative mean anaerobic power between groups (p>0.05). In the deadlift, the mixed group had better significantly records than the upper body group (p<0.05). In the relative anaerobic peak power, there was significant differences between training groups with control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings regarding the confirmed role of lower body plyometric training on the transmission of force into the upper body, it is recommended that athletes use lower body plyometric along with upper body plyometric training.

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3505_2a3d6d6cc4b5e77238c1fc1bb6cdd681.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 Assessing Electromyographic Activity Ratio of the Vastus Medialis Oblique to Vastus Laterlis Muscle after Resistance Eccentric and Cconcentric Training Assessing Electromyographic Activity Ratio of the Vastus Medialis Oblique to Vastus Laterlis Muscle after Resistance Eccentric and Cconcentric Training 99 120 3149 10.22089/smj.2022.11597.1542 FA Talieh Bagheri Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, I.R. Iran Bahram Abedi Department of Exercise Physiology, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, I.R. Iran Nosratollah Hedayatpour Department of Sport Sciences, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran. Journal Article 2021 11 16 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of resistance eccentric and concentric training on electromyographic (EMG) activity ratio of the vastus medilais oblique (VMO) to the vastus lateralis muscle (VL). 26 healthy men participated in this study. Training protocole contained 36 sessions of resistance eccenentric and concentric training at the level of 80 % of one repetation maximum (1RM) on leg press machine. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and EMG activity of the VMO and VL muscle recorded before and after resistance eccentric and concentric training. Maxmimal voluntary contraction of quadriceps and EMG activitiy of the VMO and VL muscle significantly increased after training (P <0.05) and depended on the training type (P <0.05). Eccentric training resulted in a greater increase in maximal voluntary contraction and EMG activity of the VMO muscle as compared to concentric training (P <0.05). The increased EMG activity of the VMO to VL muscle play an important role in patella stabilization, and has commonly been used as an effective way to prevent from lateral patella tilt. Thus, it is recommended that eccentric training be included in rehabilation program for lateral patella tilt. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of resistance eccentric and concentric training on electromyographic (EMG) activity ratio of the vastus medilais oblique (VMO) to the vastus lateralis muscle (VL). 26 healthy men participated in this study. Training protocole contained 36 sessions of resistance eccenentric and concentric training at the level of 80 % of one repetation maximum (1RM) on leg press machine. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and EMG activity of the VMO and VL muscle recorded before and after resistance eccentric and concentric training. Maxmimal voluntary contraction of quadriceps and EMG activitiy of the VMO and VL muscle significantly increased after training (P <0.05) and depended on the training type (P <0.05). Eccentric training resulted in a greater increase in maximal voluntary contraction and EMG activity of the VMO muscle as compared to concentric training (P <0.05). The increased EMG activity of the VMO to VL muscle play an important role in patella stabilization, and has commonly been used as an effective way to prevent from lateral patella tilt. Thus, it is recommended that eccentric training be included in rehabilation program for lateral patella tilt.

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3149_32b3ee0272954b956a7d1f86f76afa21.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 Immediate effect of plantar massage on foot pressure pattern in people with chronic ankle instability during walking Immediate effect of plantar massage on foot pressure pattern in people with chronic ankle instability during walking 121 138 3067 10.22089/smj.2022.12167.1570 FA Ghazal Khosravi M.SC. DEPARTMENT OF sport science .BU-ALI sina university Mahboubeh Alemzadeh Assistant Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu Ali University of Hamadan 0000-0003-4402-981X Yasin Hoseini Department of sport science, Malayer university. 0000-0002-2715-8022 Banafshe Mohammadi department of sport science shahrkord univercity 0000-0001-9951-2265 Journal Article 2022 01 30 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of massage on the plantar pressure distribution during gait in people with chronic ankle instability. Fifteen patients with ankle instability participated in this study. Plantar pressure parameters in ten regions were measured pre- and post-massage during gait. The results showed that the peak pressure in the first metatarsal(p=0.034) and the peak force in the regions of the first metatarsal(p=0.03), the mid foot(p=0.045) and the medial heel(p=0.005) decreased significatly after the massage. The time to peak pressure(p=0.041) and peak force(p=0.017) in the mid foot increased significantly after the massage.There was no significant difference in the loading rates of all foot regions after the massage compare to before the massage.Based on the results,‌ the plantar massage as an intervention is proposed to improve the distribution of pressure and subsequently reduce the incidence of re-injury and reduce the negative effects of this type of injury. Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of massage on the plantar pressure distribution during gait in people with chronic ankle instability. Fifteen patients with ankle instability participated in this study. Plantar pressure parameters in ten regions were measured pre- and post-massage during gait. The results showed that the peak pressure in the first metatarsal(p=0.034) and the peak force in the regions of the first metatarsal(p=0.03), the mid foot(p=0.045) and the medial heel(p=0.005) decreased significatly after the massage. The time to peak pressure(p=0.041) and peak force(p=0.017) in the mid foot increased significantly after the massage.There was no significant difference in the loading rates of all foot regions after the massage compare to before the massage.Based on the results,‌ the plantar massage as an intervention is proposed to improve the distribution of pressure and subsequently reduce the incidence of re-injury and reduce the negative effects of this type of injury.

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3067_fedf67d6f3d7341c1c1e8a54774987d3.pdf

Sport Sciences Research Institute Studies in Sport Medicine 2322-1658 14 31 2022 04 21 The effect of changes in pedal width on the frontal plane knee kinematics in cyclists with different Q angles The effect of changes in pedal width on the frontal plane knee kinematics in cyclists with different Q angles 139 160 3148 10.22089/smj.2022.11788.1548 FA Mohammad Amin Mohammadian Department of Pathology and Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7150-364X Ali Abbasi Department of Pathology and Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9733-6501 Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji Department of Pathology and Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3043-3961 Journal Article 2021 11 22 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in pedal width (Q Factor) on knee frontal plane kinematics in cyclists with different Q angles. Three groups of 8 road cyclists (1- Low Q angle, 2- Normal Q angle and 3- High Q angle) cycled in four different pedal widths of 16, 19, 22 and 25 cm. The variables of maximum abduction, maximum adduction, range of motion and mean abduction/adduction angle of the knee joint during cycling were calculated. The results showed that there was significant difference between group 1 and group 3 in the variables of maximum, minimum and mean abduction angle of the knee joint. Also, the effect of changing in the Q Factor was significant on the variables of maximum, minimum and mean abduction of the knee joint. in all variables, the interaction effect between inter-group and between-group factor was not significant. The results of the present study showed that the difference in the Q angle of individuals and also the increase in pedal width affect the frontal plane knee joint kinematics; Therefore, in choosing the appropriate pedal width for cyclists, the difference in their Q angle should be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in pedal width (Q Factor) on knee frontal plane kinematics in cyclists with different Q angles. Three groups of 8 road cyclists (1- Low Q angle, 2- Normal Q angle and 3- High Q angle) cycled in four different pedal widths of 16, 19, 22 and 25 cm. The variables of maximum abduction, maximum adduction, range of motion and mean abduction/adduction angle of the knee joint during cycling were calculated. The results showed that there was significant difference between group 1 and group 3 in the variables of maximum, minimum and mean abduction angle of the knee joint. Also, the effect of changing in the Q Factor was significant on the variables of maximum, minimum and mean abduction of the knee joint. in all variables, the interaction effect between inter-group and between-group factor was not significant. The results of the present study showed that the difference in the Q angle of individuals and also the increase in pedal width affect the frontal plane knee joint kinematics; Therefore, in choosing the appropriate pedal width for cyclists, the difference in their Q angle should be considered.

https://smj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_3148_d87c68a56bc8eb803b44f25abb627786.pdf