Studies in Sport Medicine

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Reviewers

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Article Processing Charges (APC)

forms

Terms and conditions for manuscript submission

Guide for Authors

Peer Review Process

Comparison of Anatomical Alignment of Lower Extremity and Some Functional Indicators between Athletes with and without Lateral Ankle Sprain

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercises, Allameh Tabataba'i University

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercises, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University

3 M.Sc. of Sports Injury & Corrective Exercises, Allameh Tabataba'i University

Abstract

One of the most common site of injury in sport is the ankle which accounts for 25% of all sports injuries. The relationship between anatomical alignment of the lower extremity and injury occurrences in this joint is unclear. Twenty five male athletes with ankle injury and 25 healthy randomly selected and participated in this study. Foot arch index, navicular drop, tibia vara, knee hyperextension, tibia torsion, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, core muscle endurance, static and dynamic balance­ were measured in samples. Comparing measured data by using independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences in foot arch index and tibia vara measures between the two groups. While there were no significant difference in navicular drop, knee hyperextension, tibia torsion, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic and static balance­ and core muscle endurance measures between groups. Accordingly, lower extremity malalignment may be involved in the occurrence of ankle injury.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. James CR, Herman JA, Dufek JS, Bates TB. Number of trials necessary to achieve performance stability of selected ground reaction force variables during landing. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6(1):126-34.
  2. Milgrom C, Shlamkovitch N, Finestone A, Eldad A, Laor A, Danon YL, et al. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprain: A prospective study among military recruits. Foot & ankle. 1991;12(1):26-30.
  3. Beynnon BD, Murphy DF, Alosa DM. Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: A literature review. J Athl Train. 2002;37(4):376-80.
  4. Söderman K, Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: A prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9(5):313-21.
  5. Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system foundation for physical rehabilitation. St Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. p. 78-90.
  6. Twellaar M, Verstappen F, Huson A, Van Mechelen W. Physical characteristics as risk factors for sports injuries: A four year prospective study. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18(01):66-71.
  7. Daneshmandi H, Saki F, Shahheidari S, Khoori A. Lower extremity malalignment and its linear relation with Q angle in female athletes. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2011;15:3349-54.
  8. Read PJ, Oliver JL, Croix MBDS, Myer GD, Lloyd RS. Neuromuscular risk factors for knee and ankle ligament injuries in male youth soccer players. Sports Med. 2016;46(8):1059-66.
  9. Verrelst R, de Clercq D, Willems T, Roosen P, Witvrouw E. Contralateral risk factors associated with exertional medial tibial pain in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(8):1546-53.
  10. Lohmann KN, Rayhel HE, Schneiderwind WP, Danoff JV. Static measurement of tibia vara: Reliability and effect of lower extremity position. Phys Ther. 1987;67(2):196-9.
  11. Rauh M, Macera C, Trone D, Reis J, Shaffer R. Selected static anatomic measures predict overuse injuries in female recruits. Mil Med. 2010;175(5):329-35.
  12. Krause DA, Cloud BA, Forster LA, Schrank JA, Hollman JH. Measurement of ankle dorsiflexion: A comparison of active and passive techniques in multiple positions. J Sport Rehabil. 2011;20(3):333-44.
  13. Loudon JK, Jenkins W, Loudon KL. The relationship between static posture and ACL injury in female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;24(2):91-7.
  14. Rajabi R, Samadi H. Corrective exercise laboratory. 2nd ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 2013. p. 237-8.
  15. Hertel J, Braham RA, Hale SA, Olmsted-Kramer LC. Simplifying the star excursion balance test: Analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(6):131-7.
  16. McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: Clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(8):941-4.
  17. Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: A key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(6):324-9.
  18. Nakhaee Z, Rahimi A, Abaee M, Rezasoltani A, Kalantari KK. The relationship between the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and the ankle and knee injuries in professional runners. Foot. 2008;18(2):84-90.
  19. Erfani M, Sahebozamani M, Marefati H, E. S. The survey of sole arch index and its relationship to non-contact ankle sprain in athletes. J Sport Med. 2011; 1(3):99-112.
  20. Murphy D, Connolly D, Beynnon B. Risk factors for lower extremity injury: A review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):13-29.
  21. Tomaro J. Measurement of tibiofibular varum in subjects with unilateral overuse symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21(2):86-9.
  22. Fong DT-P, Hong Y, Chan L-K, Yung PS-H, Chan K-M. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37(1):73-94.
  23. Ross JA. Skiing and Snowboarding. Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 267-74.
  24. Noronha MD, Franca L, Haupenthal A, Nunes G. Intrinsic predictive factors for ankle sprain in active university students: a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(5):541-7.
  25. Hadzic V, Sattler T, Topole E, Jarnovic Z, Burger H, Dervisevic E. Risk factors for ankle sprain in volleyball players: a preliminary analysis. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2009;17(3):155-60.
  26. Pope R, Herbert R, Kirwan J. Effects of ankle dorsiflexion range and pre-exercise calf muscle stretching on injury risk in Army recruits. Aust J Physiother. 1998;44(3):   165-72.
  27. Gorouhi F. The study of anatomical lower extremity alignment in female athletes with ankle sprain injury. Rasht: University of Guilan; 2009.
  28. McMahon TW. The relationship of static anthropometric measurements to lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries in air force academy cadets: A prospective longitudinal study. Virginia: Defense Technical Information Center; 2001.
  29. Singh A, Ali S, Kumar V, Srivastava RN. Mal-Alignment as a risk factor for lower extremity overuse injuries in young adults in unorganised sports activities. Ine J Physical Edu, Sports Heal. 2014;1(2):25-8.
  30. Tong JW, Kong PW. Association between foot type and lower extremity injuries: systematic literature review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(10):700-14.
  31. Hiller CE, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Kilbreath SL. Balance and recovery from a perturbation are impaired in people with functional ankle instability. Clin J Sport Med. 2007;17(4):269-75.
  32. McHugh MP, Tyler TF, Tetro DT, Mullaney MJ, Nicholas SJ. Risk factors for noncontact ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(3):      464-70.
  33. Attenborough AS, Sinclair PJ, Sharp T, Greene A, Stuelcken M, Smith RM, et al. The identification of risk factors for ankle sprains sustained during netball participation. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;23:31-6.
  34. Pourkazemi F, Hiller CE, Raymond J, Nightingale EJ, Refshauge KM. Predictors of chronic ankle instability after an index lateral ankle sprain: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2014;17(6):568-73.
  35. Watson AWS. Ankle sprains in players of the field-games gaelic football and hurling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1999;39(1):66-70.
  36. Mcguine TA, Greene JJ, Best T, Leverson G. Balance as a predictor of ankle injuries in high school basketball players. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10(4):239-44.
  37. Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. Star excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(12):911-9.
  38. Gribble PA, Terada M, Beard MQ, Kosik KB, Lepley AS, McCann RS, et al. Prediction of lateral ankle sprains in football players based on clinical tests and body mass index. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(2):460-7.
  39. Steinberg N, Dar G, Dunlop M, Gaida JE. The relationship of hip muscle performance to leg, ankle and foot injuries: a systematic review. Phys Sportsmed. 2017;45(1):     49-63.
  40. Leetun DT, Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(6):926-34.
Studies in Sport Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 22
Fall 2017 & Winter 2018
November 2017
Pages 81-100
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 21 April 2017
  • Revise Date: 03 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 24 December 2017
Share
How to cite
Statistics