Studies in Sport Medicine

Does the type of shoe affect the electromyography of the lower limb muscles while descending the stairs?

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master student of Bu Ali Sina University

2 sport science- buali sina-hamedan

3 Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe type on muscles electromyography while descending stairs. The population of this study was 15 students aged 20 to 30 years. Co-contraction and peak muscle activity were recorded. The repeated measure ANOVA test was used.  The results showed that in both pre-activity and eccentric phases, the peak activity of tibialis anterior, internal and external gastrocnemius and soleus muscles significantly increased in the barefoot position compared to normal shoes. The co-contraction of the peronaeus brevis and gastrocnemius medialis muscles in the pre-activity phase had a significant difference between normal and minimalist shoes. In the eccentric phase, there was a significant difference between the co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and peronaeus longus muscles in barefoot and normal shoe states. It seems that the increased co-contraction of agonists and antagonists in barefoot and minimalist shoes compared to normal shoes may be an effective factor in maintaining joint stability.

Keywords

  1.  

    1. Joeseph J, Watson, R. (1967). Telemetering electromyography of muscles used in walking up and down stairs. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery, 49, 774-780.
    2. Farahpour N, Majlesi M, Hoseinpouri M. [The Effect of Shoe Type and Load Carrying on Electromyographic Activity of Lower Extremity Muscles during Stair Ascent and Descent (Persian)]. Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2019; 5(2):92-101.
    3. Farahpour, N., Shayeste, M., Jafarnezhadgero, A. A comparison of squat and leg press training protocols on center of pressure alterations and ground reaction force during step descent. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 2018; 13(26): 213-224. doi: 10.22080/jaep.2017.11152.1552.
    4. Jevsevar DS, Riley PO, Hodge WA, Krebs DE. (1993). Knee kinematics and kinetics during locomotor activities of daily living in subjects with knee arthroplasty and in healthy control subjects. Phys Ther, 73(4),229–238.
    5. Andriacchi TP, Andersson GBJ, Fermier RW, Stern D, Galante JO. (1980). A study of lower-limb mechanics during stair-climbing. J Bone Joint Surg, 62(5), 749–757.
    6. Demura T, Demura S, Shin S. (2010). Comparison of gait properties during level walking and stair ascent and descent with varying loads. Health, 2, 1372-1376.
    7. Protopapadaki A, Drechsler WI, Cramp MC, Coutts FG, Scott, OM. (2007). Hip, knee, ankle kinematics and kinetics during stair ascent and descent in healthy young individuals. Clinical Biomechanics, 22, 203-210.
    8. Hsue BJ, Su FC. (2009). Kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities of young and elder womenduring stairs ascent while wearing low and high-heeled shoes. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19, 1071-1078.
    9. Yoon JY, An DH, Yoo WG, Kwon YR. (2009). Differences in activities of the lower extremity muscles with and without heel contact during stair ascent by young women wearing high-heeled shoes. J Orthopedic Science, 14, 418-422.
    10. Sheehy P, Burdett RG, Irrgang JJ, VanSwearingen J. (1998). An electromyographic study of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis activity while ascending and descending steps. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 27, 423–429.
    11. Mahaki, M R, S S Shojaedin, R Mimar, and M Khaleghi. 2012. “The Comparsion of the Electromyography of Leg Muscles and Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Forces during Single Leg Drop Landing between Men with Genu Varum Deformity and Normal Knee.” Journal of Sports Medicine 4(3): 87–106.
    12. Peng, H.T., Kernozek, T.W., Song, C.Y. (2011). Quadricep and hamstring activation during drop jumps with changes in drop height. Physical Therapy in Sport. 12(3):127-32.
    13. Yeow, C.H., Lee, P.V.S., Goh, J.C.H. (2011). An investigation of lower extremity energy dissipation strategies during single-leg and double-leg landing based on sagittal and frontal plane biomechanics. Human Movement Science. 30(3):624-35.
    14. Prado, M. P., & Saito, G. H. (2019). Sports Footwear: Problems and Advances. In The Sports Medicine Physician (pp. 571-578). Springer, Cham. Yeow, C.H., Lee, P.V.S., Goh, J.C.H.
    15. Helton, Gary L et al. 2019. “Association Between Running Shoe Characteristics and Lower Extremity Injuries in United States Military Academy Cadets.” The American journal of sports medicine 47(12): 2853–62.
    16. Hosseininejad, E., Eslami,M. (2019). Mechanical energy analysis of barefoot and minimalist running. Applied Exercise Physiology.14(28):265-72. (Persian).
    17. Guiry, J.M. (2014). Comparison of an overhead and single leg squat in barefoot, minimalist, and shod conditions (Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Northridge).
    18. Roca-Dols, A., Losa-Iglesias, M.E., Sánchez-Gómez, R., López-López, D., Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R., Calvo-Lobo, C. (2018). Electromyography comparison of the effects of various footwear in the activity patterns of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 82:126-32.
    19. Benedetti MG, Agostini V, Knaflitz M, Bonato P. (2012). Muscle Activation Patterns During Level Walking and Stair Ambulation. Applications of EMG in Clinical and Sports Medicine, 117-130.
    20. Anbarian M, Esmailie H, HosseiniNejad SE, Rabiei M, Binabaji H. 2012. Comparison of knee joint muscle`s activity in subjects with genu varum and the controls during walking and running. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences; 8,298-309. [In Persian].
    21. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior research methods. 2007;39(2):175-91.
    22. Hoffman M, Schrader J, Applegate T, Koceja D. Unilateral postural control of the functionally dominant and nondominant extremities of healthy subjects. Journal of athletic training. 1998;33(4):319.
    23. Soren So, Henning L.(2010). "The navicular position test a reliable measure of the navicular bone position during rest and loading". The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 6(3): pp:191-199.
    24. Hermens, Hermie J, Bart Freriks, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug, and Günter Rau. 2000. “Development of Recommendations for SEMG Sensors and Sensor Placement Procedures.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 10(5): 361–74.
    25. Viitasalo, J. T., Salo, A., & Lahtinen, J. (1998). Neuromuscular functioning of athletes and non-athletes in the drop jump. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 78(5), 432-440.
    26. Hargrave, Melissa D, Christopher R Carcia, Bruce M Gansneder, and Sandra J Shultz. 2003. “Subtalar Pronation Does Not Influence Impact Forces or Rate of Loading during a Single-Leg Landing.” Journal of athletic training 38(1): 18–23.
    27. Murley, George S, and Adam R Bird. 2006. “The Effect of Three Levels of Foot Orthotic Wedging on the Surface Electromyographic Activity of Selected Lower Limb during Gait.” Clinical Biomechanics 21(10): 1074–80.
    28. Heiden, T. L., Lloyd, D. G., & Ackland, T. R. (2009). Knee joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle co-contraction in knee osteoarthritis patient gait. Clinical biomechanics, 24(10), 833-841.
    29. Johnson, A.W., Myrer, J.W., Mitchell, U.H., Hunter, I., Ridge, S.T. (2016). The effects of a transition to minimalist shoe running on intrinsic foot muscle size. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 37(02):154-8.
    30. Fuller, J.T., Thewlis, D., Tsiros, M.D., Brown, N.A., Hamill, J., Buckley, J.D. (2019). Longer-term effects of minimalist shoes on running performance, strength and bone density: a 20-week follow-up study. European Journal of Sport Science. 19(3):402-12.
    31. Sun, X., Lam, W.K., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Fu,W. (2020). Systematic review of the role Footwear constructions in running biomechanics: Implications for running-related injury and performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 19(1):20-37.
    32. Ridge, S. T., Olsen, M. T., Bruening, D. A., Jurgensmeier, K., Griffin, D., Davis, I. S., & Johnson, A. W. (2018). Walking in minimalist shoes is effective for strengthening foot muscles.
    33. Sinclair, J., Brooks, D., & Stainton, P. (2019). Biomechanical effects of a lightweight, sock-style minimalist footwear design during running: a musculoskeletal simulation and statistical parametric mapping approach. Footwear Science, 11(2), 71-83.
    34. Demura T, Demura S, Shin S. (2010). Comparison of gait properties during level walking and stair ascent and descent with varying loads. Health, 2, 1372-1376
    35. Rothschild, C., 2012. Running barefoot or in minimalist shoes: evidence or conjecture? Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(2), pp.8-17.
    36. Nigg, B., Biomechanical considerations on barefoot movement and barefoot shoe concepts. Footwear Science, 2009. 1(2): p. 73-79.
    37. Franklin, S., Grey, M.J., Heneghan, N., Bowen, L., Li, F.X. (2015). Barefoot vs common footwear: A systematic review of the kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity differences during walking. Gait & Posture. 42(3):230-9.
    38. Franklin, S., Li,F.X., Grey, M.J. (2018). Modifications in lower leg muscle activation when walking barefoot or in minimalist shoes across different age-groups. Gait & Posture. 60:1-5.
    39. Hug, F. (2011). Can muscle coordination be precisely studied by surface electromyography? Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 21(1):1–12.
    40. Hein, T., Grau, S. (2014). Can minimal running shoes imitate barefoot heel-toe running patterns? A comparison of lower leg kinematics. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 3(2):67-73.
    41. Hall, J.P., Barton, C., Jones, P.R., Morrissey, D. (2013). The biomechanical differences between barefoot and shod distance running: a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 43(12):1335-53.
    42. Hubley-Kozey C, Deluzio KJ, Dunbar M. 2008. Muscle co-activation patterns during walking in those with severe knee osteoarthritis. Clinical Biomechanics; 23,71–80.
    43. Horsak, B., Heller, M., & Baca, A. (2015). Muscle co-contraction around the knee when walking with unstable shoes. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology, 25(1), 175-181.
    44. Chen, T. L. W., Wong, D. W. C., Xu, Z., Tan, Q., Wang, Y., Luximon, A., & Zhang, M. (2018). Lower limb muscle co-contraction and joint loading of flip-flops walking in male wearers. PLoS One, 13(3), e0193653.
Studies in Sport Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 28
October 2021
Pages 17-36

  • Receive Date 01 March 2021
  • Revise Date 02 May 2021
  • Accept Date 16 May 2021

Home

Publication Ethics

Submit Manuscript

news

Journal Metrics

Contact Us