Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of physical education and sport sciences /, University of Tehran

2 Department of Health and Sports Medicine / Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Tehran

3 Department of Health & Sport Medicine Faculty of Physical education & Sport Sciences University of Tehran,

Abstract

The shoulder impingement syndrome is quiet prevalent amongst all shoulder injuries and mainly accounts for pain and mobility limitation in that region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rhythmic stabilization exercise on position sense, range of motion, strength and functional stability of shoulder in adolescent girl swimmers with shoulder impingement syndrome. In this study, 30 swimmer girls with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. After pre-test measurements from the two groups, including proprioception, strength, range of motion and functional stability, the experimental group performed four weeks Rhythmic stabilization exercises and then the post-tests were performed for the two groups according to the pre-test. Results indicated that position sense, rotator muscles strength, and functional stability of shoulder joint significantly improved after rhythmic stabilization exercises compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the range of motion between the two groups (p>0.05). It seems that, rhythmic stabilization exercises can be used in order to improve proprioception, shoulder rotator muscles strength and the functional stability of swimmers suffering from shoulder impingement syndrome.

Keywords

  1. Soprano JV, Fuchs SM. Common overuse injuries in the pediatric and adolescent athlete. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2007;8(1):7-14.
  2. Szyluk K, Jasiński A, Koczy B, Widuchowski W, Widuchowski J. Subacromial impingement syndrome--most frequent reason of the painful shoulder syndrome. Polski merkuriusz lekarski: organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 2008;25(146):179-83.
  3. Diederichsen LP, Nørregaard J, Krogsgaard M, Fischer‐Rasmussen T, Dyhre‐Poulsen P. Reflexes in the shoulder muscles elicited from the human coracoacromial ligament. Journal of orthopaedic research. 2004;22(5):976-83.
  4. Lo Y, Hsu Y, Chan K. Epidemiology of shoulder impingement in upper arm sports events. British journal of sports medicine. 1990;24(3):173-7.
  5. Sein ML, Walton J, Linklater J, Appleyard R, Kirkbride B, Kuah D, et al. Shoulder pain in elite swimmers: primarily due to swim-volume-induced supraspinatus tendinopathy. British journal of sports medicine. 2010;44(2):105-13.
  6. Gaunt T, Maffulli N. Soothing suffering swimmers: a systematic review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries in competitive swimmers. British medical bulletin. 2012;103(1):45-88.
  7. Meister K. Injuries to the shoulder in the throwing athlete: part one: biomechanics/pathophysiology/classification of injury. The American journal of sports medicine. 2000;28(2):265-75.
  8. Tovin BJ. Prevention and treatment of swimmer's shoulder. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT. 2006;1(4):166.
  9. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in Shoulder Kinematics and Associated Muscle Activity in People With Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement. Physical Therapy. 2000;80(3):276-91.
  10. Nodehi Moghadam A, Ebrahimi Takamjani E, Roohbakhsh Z, Salavati M, Jafari D. A comparative study on isometric muscles strength of shoulder complex between persons with and without impingement syndrome. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2010;12(2):26-32 (Persian).
  11. Suprak DN, Osternig LR, van Donkelaar P, Karduna AR. Shoulder joint position sense improves with elevation angle in a novel, unconstrained task. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006;24(3):559-68.
  12. Walther M, Werner A, Stahlschmidt T, Woelfel R, Gohlke F. The subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder treated by conventional physiotherapy, self-training, and a shoulder brace: results of a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2004;13(4):417-23.
  13. Celik D, Akyuz G, Yeldan I. Comparison of the effects of two different exercise programs on pain in subacromial impingement syndrome. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2009;43(6):504-9.
  14. Moharrami R, Shoja'eddin S, Sadeghi H. The Effect of Theraband Training on Position Sense of Internal and External Rotator Muscles in Male Athletes with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2015;16(3):228-33 (Persian).
  15. Myers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR, Bradley JP, Lephart SM. Glenohumeral range of motion deficits and posterior shoulder tightness in throwers with pathologic internal impingement. The American journal of sports medicine. 2006;34(3):385-91.
  16. Ruotolo C, Price E, Panchal A. Loss of total arc of motion in collegiate baseball players. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2006;15(1):67-71.
  17. Roy J-S, Moffet H, Hébert LJ, Lirette R. Effect of motor control and strengthening exercises on shoulder function in persons with impingement syndrome: a single-subject study design. Manual therapy. 2009;14(2):180-8.
  18. Singh SK, Khan N, Agarwal R. Effect of Rhythmic Stabilization Exercise v/s Conventional Physiotherapy on Pain and Disability with Patients of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain. Website: www ijpot com. 2019;13(4):4122.
  19. Guido JA, Jr., Stemm J. Reactive Neuromuscular Training: A Multi-level Approach to Rehabilitation of the Unstable Shoulder. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2007;2(2):
    97-103.
  20. Zandi S, Rajabi R, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Minoonejad H. The effects of rhythmic stabilization exercise on pain, functional stability and Electromyographic muscle activity in elite female volleyball players with recurrent anterior shoulder instability: A randomized controlled trial: University of Tehran; 2015 (Persian).
  21. Almeida GPL, De Souza VL, Barbosa G, Santos MB, Saccol MF, Cohen M. Swimmer’s shoulder in young athlete: Rehabilitation with emphasis on manual therapy and stabilization of shoulder complex. Manual therapy. 2011;16(5):510-5.
  22. Aarseth LM, Suprak DN, Chalmers GR, Lyon L, Dahlquist DT. Kinesio Tape and Shoulder-Joint Position Sense. Journal of Athletic Training. 2015;50(8):785-91.
  23. Hughes P. The Neer sign and Hawkins-Kennedy test for shoulder impingement. Journal of physiotherapy. 2011;57(4):260.
  24. Herrington L, Horsley I, Rolf C. Evaluation of shoulder joint position sense in both asymptomatic and rehabilitated professional rugby players and matched controls. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2010;11(1):18-22.
  25. Cools AM, De Wilde L, Van Tongel A, Ceyssens C, Ryckewaert R, Cambier DC. Measuring shoulder external and internal rotation strength and range of motion: comprehensive intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study of several testing protocols. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2014;23(10):1454-61.
  26. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012;26(11):3043-8.
  27. Cook G. Movement: Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment, corrective strategies: On Target Publications; 2010.
  28. Westrick RB, Miller JM, Carow SD, Gerber JP. Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(2):139-47.
  29. Thompson K, Mikesky A, Bahamonde RE, Burr DB. Effects of physical training on proprioception in older women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2003;3(3):223-31.
  30. Ghrehghoyonloo ME, Sahebozamani M, Beyranvand R, Afshar FK. The effect of corrective exercises on shoulder pain and joint position sense in females with functional impingement syndrome. Daneshvar Medicine. 2017;25(131):17-24.
  31. Björklund M, Djupsjöbacka M, Crenshaw AG. Acute muscle stretching and shoulder position sense. Journal of athletic training. 2006;41(3):270.
  32. Tyler TF, Nahow RC, Nicholas SJ, McHugh MP. Quantifying shoulder rotation weakness in patients with shoulder impingement. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2005;14(6):570-4.
  33. Lister JL, Del Rossi G, Ma F, Stoutenberg M, Adams JB, Tobkin S, et al. Scapular stabilizer activity during Bodyblade®, cuff weights, and Thera-Band® use. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2007;16(1):50.
  34. Leggin B, Kelley M. Rehabilitation of the shoulder following rotator cuff surgery. Univ Penn Orthop J. 2000;13:10-7.
  35. Brumitt J, Sproul A, Lentz P, McIntosh L, Rutt R. In-season rehabilitation of a division III female wrestler after a glenohumeral dislocation. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine. 2009;10(3):112-7.
  36. Buteau JL, Eriksrud O, Hasson SM. Rehabilitation of a glenohumeral instability utilizing the body blade. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2007;23(6):333-49.
  37. Jørgensen MB, Andersen LL, Kirk N, Pedersen MT, Søgaard K, Holtermann A. Muscle activity during functional coordination training: implications for strength gain and rehabilitation. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2010;24(7):1732-9.
  38. Lake D. The effects of a Bodyblade training protocol on shoulder strength and throwing velocity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002;32(1):A51-A2.
  39. Withrow PM, Stoecker JL, Stevens K, Clark K. Nonoperative management of a patient with a two-part minimally displaced proximal humerus fracture: a case report. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2010;26(2):120-33.
  40. Dowd C. Outpatient Physical Therapy Management Of A Patient Three Months Following Left Shoulder Arthroscopic Repair Of A Type-II SLAP Lesion: A Case Report. 2014.
  41. Zandi S, Rajabi R, Minoonejad H, Mohseni-Bandpei M. Upper quarter functional stability in female volleyball players with and without anterior shoulder instability, with consideration of arm dominance. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2016;16(4):346-55 (Persian).