نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بازتوانی ورزشی و تندرستی دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

هدف: آسیب‌های عضلانی یکی از شایع‌ترین دلایل غیبت بازیکنان است و عضله‌ی همسترینگ در این میان یکی از پرخطرترین عضلات به‌حساب می‌آید. نقش این عضله در حمایت از لیگامنت ها نیز پراهمیت است. علی‌رغم ویژگی‌های متفاوت ساختاری و کینماتیکی همسترینگ در مردان وزنان مطالعات اندکی به بررسی این اختلافات پرداخته‌اند؛ لذا این تحقیق قصد دارد به تعیین اثر شش هفته اجرای تمرینات همسترینگ نوردیک بر قدرت ایزوکنتیک عضله همسترینگ بازیکنان نخبه زن و مرد فوتبال بپردازد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر، بازیکنان فوتبال لیگ دسته یک امید استان تهران بودند. 24 نفر بازیکن فوتبال (12 نفر دختر و 12 نفر پسر) در رده سنی 16 تا 20 سال در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. قدرت آیزوکنتیک عضلات همسترینگ و چهار سر در سرعت‌های زاویه‌ای گوناگون به‌صورت درون‌گرا و برونگرا در پیش و پس‌آزمون اندازه‌گیری شد. آزمودنی‌ها پس از پیش‌آزمون، شش هفته تمرین نوردیک را به‌عنوان بخشی از گرم کردن خود انجام دادند و مجدداً جهت بررسی تغییرات در پس‌آزمون شرکت کردند.
یافته‌ها: انجام تمرینات همسترینگ نوردیک سبب ایجاد تفاوت معنی‌دار در قدرت ایزوکینتیک عضله همسترینگ در پس‌آزمون و در سرعت‌های زاویه‌ای 60، 180 و 300 درجه بر ثانیه و همچنین تفاوت معنی‌دار در نسبت قدرت ایزوکینتیک همسترینگ به چهار سر در سرعت 60 درجه بر ثانیه بین دختران و پسران شده است (001/0=P).
نتیجه‌گیری: اجرای شش هفته تمرینات همسترینگ نوردیک نیز به‌عنوان یک تمرین اکسنتریک، می‌تواند گزینه‌ی مناسبی جهت بهبود قدرت عضلات همسترینگ و به دنبال آن کاهش خطر بروز آسیب در مفصل زانو باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of six weeks of Nordic hamstring injury prevention training on the isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscles of soccer players.

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra shirmohammadi 1
  • Mostafa Zarei 2

1 Shahid Beheshti University

2 Shahid Beheshti University, velengak, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Muscle injuries are one of the most common reasons for missed playing time in the football, and the hamstring muscle is one of the most common injures. The role of this muscle in supporting ligaments is also important. In spite of different structural and kinematic features of the hamstring in men and women, a few studies have investigated these differences; therefore, The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of Nordic hamstring training on the isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscle of elite female and male soccer players.
Methodology: 24 soccer players (12 female and 12 male) from youth first division league in Tehran province participated in this study. The isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles at various angular velocities was measured. After the pre-test, the subjects performed six weeks of Nordic exercise as part of their warm-up.
Result: Performing Nordic hamstring exercises caused a significant difference in the isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscle after the test and at angular speeds of 60, 180 and 300 degrees per second, as well as a significant difference in the ratio of the isokinetic strength of the hamstrings to the quadriceps at a speed of 60 degrees per second between of elite female and male soccer players (P=0.001).
Conclusion: It is concluded that Nordic hamstring exercise improve isokinetic strength of the hamstring muscles and reducing the risk of injury in the knee joint.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nordic hamstring exercise
  • isokinetic strength
  • gender difference
  1. ALHAMMOUD, M., MOREL, B., HANSEN, C., WILSON, M., MECCA, R., NAEL, E. & HAUTIER, C. 2019. Discipline and sex differences in angle-specific isokinetic analysis in elite skiers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 317-330.
  2. ANASTASI, S. M. & HAMZEH, A. 2011. Does the eccentric Nordic Hamstring exercise have an effect on isokinetic muscle strength imbalance and dynamic jumping performance in female rugby union players? Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 19, 251-260.
  3. BLACKBURN, J. T., BELL, D. R., NORCROSS, M. F., HUDSON, J. D. & KIMSEY, M. H. 2009. Sex comparison of hamstring structural and material properties. Clinical Biomechanics, 24, 65-70.
  4. BRITO, J., FIGUEIREDO, P., FERNANDES, L., SEABRA, A., SOARES, J. M., KRUSTRUP, P. & REBELO, A. 2010. Isokinetic strength effects of FIFA's" The 11+" injury prevention training programme. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 18, 211-215.
  5. DANESHJOO, A., MOKHTAR, A., RAHNAMA, N. & YUSOF, A. 2013. The effects of injury prevention warm-up programmes on knee strength in male soccer players. Biology of sport, 30, 281-288.
  6. DARVISHANI, M. A., BARGHAMADI, M. & JAFARNEZHADGERO, A. A. 2019. Effect of quadriceps muscular fatigue on knee joint kinetics at different flexion/extension velocities in male soccer players. Rehabil. Med, 8, 86-96.
  7. DEMONT, R. & LEPHART, S. 2004. Effect of sex on preactivation of the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles. British journal of sports medicine, 38, 120-124.
  8. EBBEN, W. P., FAUTH, M. L., PETUSHEK, E. J., GARCEAU, L. R., HSU, B. E., LUTSCH, N. & FELDMANN, C. R. 2010. Gender-based analysis of hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation during jump landings and cutting. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24, 408-415.
  9. EKSTRAND, J., HÄGGLUND, M. & WALDÉN, M. 2011. Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). The American journal of sports medicine, 39, 1226-1232.
  10. ENGEBRETSEN, A. H., MYKLEBUST, G., HOLME, I., ENGEBRETSEN, L. & BAHR, R. 2010. Intrinsic risk factors for hamstring injuries among male soccer players: a prospective cohort study. The American journal of sports medicine, 38, 1147-1153.
  11. FOULADI, R., RAJABI, R., MINOONEJAD, H. & ESLAMI, M. 2017. Hamstring injury as a preview of athletic biomechanical knee injuries: A review article. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 6, 274-285.
  12. Gomes, M., Santos, P., Correia, P. et al.Sex differences in muscle fatigue following isokinetic muscle contractions. Sci Rep 11, 8141 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87443-0
  13. HEIDERSCHEIT, B. C., SHERRY, M. A., SILDER, A., CHUMANOV, E. S. & THELEN, D. G. 2010. Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 40, 67-81.
  14. IRGER, M., WILLINGER, L., LACHETA, L., POGORZELSKI, J., IMHOFF, A. B. & FEUCHT, M. J. 2020. Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injuries occur predominately in middle-aged patients with distinct gender differences: epidemiologic analysis of 263 surgically treated cases. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 28, 1221-1229.
  15. KNAPIK, J. J., SHARP, M. A., CANHAM-CHERVAK, M., HAURET, K., PATTON, J. F. & JONES, B. H. 2001. Risk factors for training-related injuries among men and women in basic combat training. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33, 946-954.
  16. KONG, P. W. & BURNS, S. F. 2010. Bilateral difference in hamstrings to quadriceps ratio in healthy males and females. Physical Therapy in Sport, 11, 12-1
  17. LEE, D.-Y., HONG, J.-H., YU, J.-H. & KIM, J.-S. 2019. The Affects of Different Nordic Hamstring Exercise in Normal Adults. Medico-Legal Update, 19.
  18. LI, R., WU, Y., MAFFULLI, N., CHAN, K. M. & CHAN, J. 1996. Eccentric and concentric isokinetic knee flexion and extension: a reliability study using the Cybex 6000 dynamometer. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 30, 156-160.
  19. LÓPEZ-VALENCIANO, A., AYALA, F., DE STE CROIX, M., BARBADO, D. & VERA-GARCIA, F. 2019. Different neuromuscular parameters influence dynamic balance in male and female football players. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 27, 962-970.
  20. MALLIAROPOULOS, N., ISINKAYE, T., TSITAS, K. & MAFFULLI, N. 2011. Reinjury after acute posterior thigh muscle injuries in elite track and field athletes. The American journal of sports medicine, 39, 304-310.
  21. NAMAZI, P., ZAREI, M., HOVANLOO, F. & ABBASI, H. 2019. The association between the isokinetic muscle strength and lower extremity injuries in young male football players. Physical therapy in sport, 39, 76-81.
  22. O'CONNOR, S., MCCAFFREY, N., WHYTE, E. & MORAN, K. 2017. Epidemiology of injury in male collegiate Gaelic footballers in one season. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27, 1136-1142.
  23. RIBEIRO-ALVARES, J. B., DORNELLES, P., FRITSCH, C. G., DE LIMA-E-SILVA, F. X., MEDEIROS, T. M., SEVERO-SILVEIRA, L., MARQUES, V. B. & BARONI, B. M. 2020. Prevalence of hamstring strain injury risk factors in professional and under-20 male football (soccer) players. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 29, 339-345.
  24. RISTOLAINEN, L., HEINONEN, A., WALLER, B., KUJALA, U. M. & KETTUNEN, J. A. 2009. Gender differences in sport injury risk and types of inju-ries: a retrospective twelve-month study on cross-country skiers, swimmers, long-distance runners and soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 8, 443.
  25. ROBERTS, D., AGEBERG, E., ANDERSSON, G. & FRIDEN, T. 2003. Effects of short-term cycling on knee joint proprioception in healthy young persons. The American journal of sports medicine, 31, 990-994.
  26. ROSENE, J. M., FOGARTY, T. D. & MAHAFFEY, B. L. 2001. Isokinetic hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes. Journal of athletic training, 36, 378.
  27. SAYERS, B.-E. 2008. The Nordic eccentric hamstring exercise for injury prevention in soccer players. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 30, 56-58.
  28. SCONCE, E., JONES, P., TURNER, E., COMFORT, P. & GRAHAM-SMITH, P. 2015. The validity of the nordic hamstring lower for a field-based assessment of eccentric hamstring strength. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 24, 13-20.
  29. SERMAXHAJ, S., POPOVIC, S., BJELICA, D., GARDASEVIC, J. & ARIFI, F. 2017. Effect of recuperation with static stretching in isokinetic force of young football players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17, 1948-1
  30. SÖDERMAN, K., ALFREDSON, H., PIETILÄ, T. & WERNER, S. 2001. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 9.
  31. SOLIGARD, T., MYKLEBUST, G., STEFFEN, K., HOLME, I., SILVERS, H., BIZZINI, M., JUNGE, A., DVORAK, J., BAHR, R. & ANDERSEN, T. E. 2008. Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 337.
  32. STEFFEN, K., BAKKA, , MYKLEBUST, G. & BAHR, R. 2008. Performance aspects of an injury prevention program: a ten‐week intervention in adolescent female football players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18, 596-604.
  33. SUCHOMEL, T. J., NIMPHIUS, S., BELLON, C. R. & STONE, M. H. 2018. The importance of muscular strength: training considerations. Sports medicine, 48, 765-785.
  34. TAN, J., BALCI, N., SEPICI, V. & GENER, F. A. 1995. Isokinetic and isometric strength in osteoarthrosis of the knee: a comparative study with healthy women. LWW.
  35. TANSEL, R. B., SALCI, Y., YILDIRIM, A., KOCAK, S. & KORKUSUZ, F. 2008. Effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on lower extremity strength of 10–12 year old male basketball players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 16, 81-85.
  36. TOSOVIC, D., MUIRHEAD, J., BROWN, J. & WOODLEY, S. 2016. Anatomy of the long head of biceps femoris: an ultrasound study. Clinical Anatomy, 29, 738-745.
  37. VAN DYK, N., BEHAN, F. P. & WHITELEY, R. 2019. Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes. British journal of sports medicine, 53, 1362-1370.