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تأثیر سانیفیکیشن الگوی عضلات و بازخورد بینایی در شرایط خستگی بر تعادل سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر سانیفیکیشن الگوی عضلات و بازخورد بینایی در شرایط خستگی بر تعادل سالمندان بود. در این مطالعه، 20 سالمند سالم (14 زن و 6 مرد) با (میانگین سنی 72/5 ±20/66) سال به صورت داوطلبانه شرکت نمودند. این افراد به‎طور تصادفی به گروه «سانیفیکیشن الگوی عضلانی»  و «بینایی» تقسیم شدند و در مجموع، طی 8 جلسه در برنامه تمرینی شرکت کردند. شاخص‏های تعادل (کلی، میانی - جانبی و قدامی - خلفی) در مرحله پیش‎آزمون و پس‎آزمون از طریق دستگاه تعادل سنج بایودکس ثبت شد. مدت زمان هر آزمون 20 ثانیه و زمان استراحت بین آزمون‏ها 10 ثانیه بود. تحلیل داده‏ها با استفاده از نسخه 22 نرم افزار SPSS  و آزمون تحلیل کواریانس انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که هشت جلسه برنامه تمرینی تعادل باعث افزایش توانایی تعادل می‏شود. تحلیل کواریانس تفاوت معناداری بین دو گروه در شاخص کلی پایداری (02/0 =P) و قدامی – خلفی تعادل (04/0 =P) در پس‎آزمون نشان داد. به‎ این معنا که گروه تمرین با استفاده از سانیفیکیشن الگوی عضلانی عملکرد بهتری در تعادل داشت. تمرینات تعادل درشرایط خستگی، به همراه سانیفیکیشن الگوی عضلانی، به‎ویژه در بعد زمانی، می‏تواند‏ موجب بهبود شاخص‏های تعادل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Muscle Pattern Sonification and Visual Feedback on Balance in Elderly Individuals Under Fatigue Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Bari 1
  • Mahin Aghdaei 2
  • Alireza Farsi 3
  • Hamidreza kobravi 4

1 PhD Student, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor. Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4 Associated Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose
Fatigue is a significant factor that can impair stability and increase the risk of injury, while also reducing an individual's functional capacity (1). Studies have demonstrated that muscle fatigue negatively affects dynamic balance. Maintaining balance and postural control is particularly critical for the elderly, relying on the integrated function of sensory systems such as vision, vestibular, and proprioception (2). Utilizing diverse sensory feedback mechanisms is essential for improving balance. Auditory biofeedback, or sonification, conveys physiological information through sound and has emerged as an effective tool for balance enhancement (3). Despite its importance, the auditory system has been underutilized compared to vision. Auditory feedback offers advantages such as improved concentration, reduced cognitive load relative to vision, and more precise timing, which better conveys biomechanical data (4). Given the role of auditory feedback and changes in muscle activity during fatigue, this study investigates the effects of muscle pattern sonification versus visual feedback on balance in elderly individuals under fatigue conditions.
 Materials and Methods
Twenty healthy elderly participants (mean age 66.20 ± 5.72 years) were randomly assigned to two groups (visual feedback and auditory sonification), each consisting of 10 individuals (3 males, 7 females). Following baseline assessments, participants completed eight sessions of postural stability training on the Biodex balance system. Prior to each session, participants underwent a fatigue protocol using a Bike Ergometer. Post-fatigue, they performed balance training with either visual feedback or muscle pattern sonification, completing 15 repetitions of 20 seconds each with 10 seconds rest between attempts at the Biodex’s 8th unstable level. Balance indices—including overall, medial-lateral, and anterior-posterior—were recorded pre- and post-intervention with three repetitions per test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22, employing descriptive statistics and one-way ANCOVA with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
 Results
Significant differences were observed between groups in overall balance and anterior-posterior balance indices (p ≤ 0.05), with the sonification group demonstrating superior performance. No significant difference was found in the medial-lateral balance index (p > 0.05). The sonification group exhibited reduced sway compared to the visual feedback group, indicating better balance control. The absence of feedback revealed that sonification training led to improved overall and anterior-posterior balance post-intervention. This may be attributed to over-reliance on visual feedback in the visual group, whereas auditory feedback encourages more autonomous balance control (6,7). Additionally, greater sway was noted in the anterior-posterior direction under fatigue, consistent with prior findings that anterior-posterior muscles are more sensitive and affected earlier by fatigue than medial-lateral muscles (8). These results suggest that auditory feedback targeting muscle electrical activity can effectively enhance balance in elderly individuals.
Conclusion
Auditory biofeedback through muscle pattern sonification is an effective method to improve balance in elderly individuals, particularly under fatigue conditions. Training programs incorporating auditory feedback focused on muscle activity may offer superior benefits over traditional visual feedback, potentially reducing fall risk and enhancing functional independence in the aging population.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: postural control
  • Stability index
  • muscles pattern sonification
  • elderly
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مطالعات طب ورزشی
دوره 16، شماره 42
دی 1403
صفحه 99-114
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 مهر 1403
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