اثر هشت هفته تمرین شناختی–تعادلی بر ویژگی‌های بیومکانیکی گام‌برداری کودکان ناشنوای مادرزادی (مقایسه با کودکان سالم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

3 گروه رفتار حرکتی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

چکیده
کودکان ناشنوا به‌دلیل نقص در ورودی‌های شنوایی و تعادل، در مقایسه با همتایان سالم خود، اغلب دچار اختلالاتی در الگوی راه‌رفتن و کنترل وضعیتی هستند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرینات شناختی–تعادلی بر ویژگی‌های بیومکانیکی گام‌برداری شامل پارامترهای فضایی–زمانی، تغییرپذیری آن‌ها و نیروهای عکس‌العمل زمین در کودکان ناشنوای مادرزادی و مقایسه آن‌ها با کودکان شنوای سالم بود. بدین منظور، ۱۵ کودک پسر ناشنوای مادرزادی و ۱۵ کودک شنوای سالم به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. گروه ناشنوا به مدت ۸ هفته (سه جلسه در هفته، هر جلسه حدود ۷۰ دقیقه) تحت تمرینات شناختی–تعادلی قرار گرفت، در حالی که گروه سالم هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. پیش و پس از دوره تمرین، ارزیابی گام‌برداری در شرایط راه‌رفتن طبیعی و با پای برهنه با استفاده از سیستم Vicon و صفحات نیروی Kistler انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در گروه ناشنوا پس از مداخله، تغییرپذیری برخی پارامترهای فضایی–زمانی مانند سرعت، طول قدم و زمان قدم به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت (05/0 >p). در تحلیل نیروهای عکس‌العمل زمین نیز افزایش نیروی پیش‌برندگی در فاز رانش و بهبود ثبات جانبی در فاز میانی اتکا مشاهده شد (05/0 >p). به‌طور کلی، تمرینات شناختی–تعادلی منجر به بهبود در هماهنگی حرکتی، ثبات وضعیتی و کاهش نوسانات گام‌برداری در کودکان ناشنوا گردید. این یافته‌ها از کارایی و اثربخشی مداخلات شناختی–حرکتی در ارتقای کیفیت راه‌رفتن و تعادل این گروه از کودکان حمایت می‌کند و می‌تواند راهگشای طراحی برنامه‌های توان‌بخشی هدفمند برای این جمعیت خاص باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Cognitive–Balance Training on Biomechanical Gait Characteristics in Children with Congenital Deafness (Comparison with Healthy Children)

نویسندگان English

Neda Boroushak 1
Mehdi Majlesi 2
Elaheh Azadian 3
1 Department of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده English

Due to deficits in auditory input and balance, deaf children often exhibit impairments in gait patterns and postural control compared to their healthy peers. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-week cognitive–balance training program on the biomechanical characteristics of gait—including spatiotemporal parameters, their variability, and ground reaction forces (GRF)—in children with congenital deafness, and to compare the outcomes with healthy children. To this end, 15 congenitally deaf boys and 15 age-matched healthy boys were purposefully selected. The deaf group underwent cognitive–balance training for 8 weeks (three sessions per week, approximately 70 minutes per session), while the healthy group received no intervention. Gait assessments under barefoot and self-selected speed conditions were conducted pre- and post-intervention using a Vicon motion analysis system and Kistler force plates. Results showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the variability of certain spatiotemporal parameters such as gait speed, step length, and step time in the deaf group after training. Additionally, GRF analysis revealed increased propulsive force during push-off and improved mediolateral stability during mid-stance (p < 0.05). Overall, the cognitive–balance training program led to improvements in motor coordination, postural stability, and reduced gait variability in deaf children. These findings support the efficacy of cognitive–motor interventions in enhancing gait quality and balance in this population and may inform the design of targeted rehabilitation programs for children with special needs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Congenital deafness, cognitive&‌‌ndash
balance training, gait
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دوره 18، شماره 47
بهار 1405
صفحه 106-128

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 31 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 خرداد 1405