نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 دکترای بیومکانیک ورزشی، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد بیومکانیک ورزشی، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 دانشیار بیومکانیک ورزشی، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Background and Purpose
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is vital for maintaining knee joint stability. ACL injuries are among the most common and debilitating lower limb injuries, with a rising incidence particularly among individuals aged 10 to 14 years. One of the major long-term consequences of ACL injury is the increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Alterations in ground reaction forces and knee mechanics during gait have been observed in individual’s post-ACL reconstruction. The ACL consists of two functional bands: the anteromedial band, which tightens during knee flexion, and the posterolateral band, taut during extension, enabling stability throughout the range of motion. Quadriceps muscle weakness following reconstruction is significant, with deficits ranging from 24% to 40.5% six months post-surgery. This weakness compromises gait quality and may contribute to osteoarthritis development. The ACL also contains neural receptors essential for proprioception, balance, and protective knee responses. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on body mechanics during transitional movements—walking, running, jumping, and landing—in individuals after ACL reconstruction.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted in Persian and English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Magiran, ISC, and Google Scholar) from 1998 to March 2023. Keywords included “Anterior Cruciate Ligament,” “Transitional Movements,” “Knee Injury,” “Rehabilitation,” “Corrective Exercises,” and “Knee Ligament Surgery.” Seventy-four articles were initially identified; after applying inclusion criteria—focus on mechanics post-ACL reconstruction, isolated ACL injury, surgical intervention, and accessible full texts—18 articles were selected for review. Exclusion criteria included participants with other musculoskeletal abnormalities, prior surgeries on other knee ligaments, or re-injury post-surgery. The Dan and Black questionnaire, with reliability of 0.89 and validity of 0.90, was used to assess article quality.
Findings
Among the 18 reviewed studies, five focused on walking biomechanics post-ACL reconstruction, revealing that muscle weakness and reduced joint range of motion disrupt normal gait mechanics. One study highlighted that graft type influences gait mechanics. Four studies on running biomechanics showed incomplete recovery of knee function up to 12 months post-surgery, emphasizing the need for targeted quadriceps strengthening, especially in female athletes. Eight studies examined jumping and landing biomechanics, demonstrating deficits in these abilities linked to quadriceps weakness and impaired proprioception. Strengthening quadriceps and hamstrings improves joint range of motion and proprioceptive function. Quality assessment scores ranged from 64.51% to 87.09%.
Conclusion
Targeted rehabilitation focusing on quadriceps and hamstring strengthening, along with improving joint range of motion and proprioception, is critical for restoring optimal movement mechanics following ACL reconstruction.
Article Message
Enhancing quadriceps and hamstring strength significantly improves joint range of motion and proprioception in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
کلیدواژه‌ها English
